The activity of ethanol extract and aquadest of Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) leaves against Candida albicans
Abstract
Fungi are the cause of infection, the development of fungal infections in Indonesia is influenced by environmental conditions so that microbes grow quickly and can increase significantly. Candida Albicans is a fungal disease that infects humans. As a country with a tropical climate, Indonesia has potential biodiversity as a medicine, one of which is Dutch teak (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) which has secondary metabolites that kill microbes that can be used as natural antifungals. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of ethanol extract and distilled water of Dutch teak leaves on the growth of Candida Albicans. The method used is maceration with ethanol and distilled water solvents. The anti-fungal activity was evaluated by the good diffusion method with SDA media. The results of the antifungal activity of ethanol extract and distilled water of Dutch teak leaves against Candida Albicans were indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone around the wells on Candida Albicans ethanol extract concentrations of 25 mg / mL to 1000 mg / mL 8.6 mm - 15.6 mm, the distilled water extract has not formed a zone of inhibition at all concentrations. The conclusion is that the ethanol extract of Dutch teak leaves can inhibit the growth of Candida Albicans. while the distilled water extract was unable to inhibit the growth of Candida Albicans.
Downloads
References
2. Camilli, G., Blagojevic, M., Naglik, J. R., & Richardson, J. P. Programmed Cell Death: Central Player in Fungal Infections. Trends in Cell Biology, xx(xx). 2020;1–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.005
3. Wang, Y. Looking into Candida albicans infection, host response, and antifungal strategies. Virulence. 2015; 6(4), 307–308. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2014.1000752
4. Leite, M. C. A., De Brito Bezerra, A. P., De Sousa, J. P., Guerra, F. Q. S., & De Oliveira Lima, E. Evaluation of antifungal activity and mechanism of action of citral against Candida albicans. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/378280
5. Deepika, V. B., Murali, T. S. and Satyamoorthy, K. ‘Modulation of genetic clusters for synthesis of bioactive molecules in fungal endophytes: A review’, Microbiological Research. 2016; 182, pp. 125–140. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.10.009.
6. Alvin, A., Miller, K. I. and Neilan, B. A. ‘Exploring the potential of endophytes from medicinal plants as sources of antimycobacterial compounds’, Microbiological Research. 2014; 169(7–8), pp. 483–495. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.12.009.
7. Iswantini, D. Y. A. H. et al. ‘Zingiber cassumunar, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Murraya paniculata Extracts as Antiobesity: In Vitro Inhibitory Effect on Pancreatic Lipase Activity’, HAYATI Journal of Biosciences. 2011;18(1):6–10. doi: 10.4308/hjb.18.1.6.
8. Susanto, Ermin Katrin Winarno. Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.) Terhadap Sel Kanker Leukemia L1210. Chimica et Natura Acta Vol. 8 No. 1, April 2020: 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/cna.v8.n1.26254
9. Patil, J.U. & Biradar, S.D. Pharmacognostic study of Guazuma ulmifolia. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2016;4(4): 130–131
10. Supreetha et al,. Antifungal activity of ginger extract on Candida albican (an-in-vitro study). J Dent Sci. 2011;2(2):1-5
11. Paramanantham, P., Antony, A. P., Sruthil Lal, S. B., Sharan, A., Syed, A., Ahmed, M., Alarfaj, A. A., Busi, S., Maaza, M., & Kaviyarasu, K. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of fungal biofilm using amino functionalized mesoporus silica-rose bengal nanoconjugate against Candida albicans. Scientific African. 2018;1:e00007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2018.e00007
12. Tong, Y., Zhang, J., Sun, N., Wang, X. M., Wei, Q., Zhang, Y., Huang, R., Pu, Y., Dai, H., Ren, B., Pei, G., Song, F., Zhu, G., Wang, X., Xia, X., Chen, X., Jiang, L., Wang, S., Ouyang, L., … Alterovitz, G. Berberine reverses multidrug resistance in Candida albicans by hijacking the drug efflux pump Mdr1p. Science Bulletin. 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.035
13. Snell, S. B., Foster, T. H., & Haidaris, C. G. Miconazole induces fungistasis and increases killing of Candida albicans Subjected to photodynamic therapy. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 2012; 88(3): 596–603. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01039.x
14. Leba, M.A.U,. Ekstraksi dan Real Kromatografi. 1st Ed. Yogyakarta:Deepublish;2017.
15. Do QD., Angkawijaya AE., Tran-Nguyen PL., Huynh LH., Soetaredjo FE., Ismadji S., Ju Y-H. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophilia aromatica. J. Food Drug Anal. 2014; 22(3):296-302. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.11.001
16. Rafi, M., Meitary, N., Anggraini Septaningsih, D., & Bintang, M. Phytochemical Profile And Antioxidant Activity Of Guazuma ulmifolia Leaves Extracts Using Different Solvent Extraction. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy. 2020;31(3), 171. doi: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.598
17. Dos Santos, J. M., Alfredo, T. M., Antunes, K. Á., Da Cunha, J. D. S. M., Costa, E. M. A., Lima, E. S., Silva, D. B., Carollo, C. A., Schmitz, W. O., De Araújo Boleti, A. P., Dos Santos, E. L., & De Picoli Souza, K. (2018). Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Decreases oxidative stress in blood cells and prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2935051
18. Renato Queiroz Assis, Karina Luzia Andrade, Lílian Emanoela Gomes Batista, Alessandro de Oliveira Rios, Disney Ribeiro Dias, Eliane Augusto Ndiaye, Éllen Cristina de Souza. Characterization of mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia LAM.) fruit flour and development of bread, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2019;19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101120.
19. Trisia. A., Philyria. R & Nivia. A.T., 2018. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kalanduyung (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Strapylococcus aureus Dengan Metode Difusi Cakram (Kirby-Bauer). Anterior Jurnal. Vol 17. No 2. 136-143
20. Khafidhoh.Z., Sinto.S.D & Iswara, A,. Efektifitas Infusa Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus Hystrix DC.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Penyebab Sariawan Secara In Vitro. 2015.
21. Lutpiatina, L. Efektivitas Ekstrak Propolis Lebah Kelulut (Trogona Spp) dalam menghambat petumbuhan S.typhi, S.aureus, C.albican. Journal Skala Kesehatan. 2015; 6(1)
22. Jawetz, E., Melnick, J.L., & Adebreg, E.A,. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. 27ed. Jakarta: EGC; 2014
23. Mutiawati, V.K. Pemeriksaan Mikrobiologi Pada Candida albicans. Jurnal Kedokteran Syieh Kualoro. 2016;16(1): 53-63
Copyright (c) 2020 The Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
