Medical Laboratory Analysis and Sciences Journal
The aim of this journal publication is to disseminate the conceptual thoughts or ideas and research results that have been achieved in the area of medical laboratory sciences. Every article that goes to the editorial staff will be selected through Initial Review processes by the Editorial Board. Then, the articles will be sent to the peer reviewer and will go to the next selection by Double-Blind Preview Process. After that, the articles will be returned to the authors to revise. These processes take a month for a maximum time. In each manuscript, the peer reviewer will be rated from the substantial and technical aspects. The final decision of articles acceptance will be made by Editors according to Reviewers comments. peer reviewer that collaboration with Medical Laboratory Analysis and Sciences Journal is the experts in the medical laboratory technology area and issues around it. Medical Laboratory Analysis and Sciences Journal particularly focuses on the main problems in the development of the sciences of medical laboratory areas. It covers the parasitology, bacteriology, virology, hematology, clinical chemistry, toxicology, food and drink chemistry, and also any sciences that cover sciences of medical laboratory area. Please read these guidelines carefully. Authors who want to submit their manuscript to the editorial office of the Medical Laboratory Analysis and Sciences Journal should obey the writing guidelines. If the manuscript submitted is not appropriate with the guidelines or written in a different format, it will BE REJECTED by the editors before further reviewed. The editors will only accept the manuscripts which meet the assigned format.
Department of D3 Medical Technology Laboratory STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung
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The incidence of onychomycosis in farmers in Krajan Hamlet, Beji Village, Boyolangu District, Tulungagung Regency
Onychomycosis is a nail disorder caused by fungal infections, both by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes, and yeast with symptoms of damage to the nails, including the nails become thicker, cracked, uneven, not shiny, and there is a change in nail color to white, yellow, brown, to black. Onychomycosis can occur in farmers due to working directly in wet, damp and dirty places. This study aims to determine the incidence of onychomycosis in farmers in krajan Hamlet, Beji Village, Boyolangu District, Tulungagung Regency. This study is a descriptive study with Purposive Sampling sampling techniques and samples as many as 15 farmers who meet the criteria, examination of fungi using culture and microscopic methods on fungal colonies. The results showed that all respondents farmers infected with onychomycosis (100%) with 9 species of fungi found Trichophyton rubrum (21.43%), Rhizopus sp (21.43%), Penicillium sp (14.30%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (10.71%), Trichophyton tonsurans (10.71%), Aspergillus niger (7.14%), Mucor sp (7.14%), Aspergillus flavus (3.57%), and Microsporum canis (3.57%). The presence of the fungus is due to the habit of farmers who do not wear personal protective equipment, do not regularly wash their hands and feet using soap, and pay less attention to nail hygiene. The conclusion of this study the incidence of onychomycosis in Farmers in Hamlet inKrajan Village Beji District Boyolangu Tulungagung Regency is very high as many as 15 people (100%). It is expected that farmers pay attention to nail hygiene, wash their hands and feet with soap, and wear personal protective equipment while working.
OVERVIEW OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) LATEX AGLUTINATION METHOD IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE OF STIKES HUTAMA STUDENTS ABDI HUSADA TULUNGAGUNG IN 2021
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that is present in normal serum even in small amounts. In certain circumstances with an inflammatory reaction or tissue damage (necrosis) caused by infectious and non-infectious diseases. One of the causes of inflammation is menstruation. Menstruation is periodic bleeding in the uterus starting about 14 days of ovulation. This study aimed to determine CRP levels in the menstrual cycle of STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung students in 2021. This type of research is descriptive with the number of respondents 17 female students. The samples in this study were 17 serum samples of students from the Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program of STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung using the Purposive Sampling technique with data analysis using percent (%) to determine whether or not there was agglutination in the serum of female students who were menstruating. The results of this study are presented in tabular form. In the qualitative examination, the agglutination was positive with a percentage of 6% and negative agglutination with a percentage of 94% in the serum samples of the STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung student in 2021. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that there is no increase in CRP levels in the menstrual cycle of STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung students in 2021.
Levels of Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) in the Blood of Rice Farmers in Pucung Kidul Village, Boyolangu District Tulungagung Regency
Farmers in Pucung Kidul Village often use pesticides to eradicate pests, diseases, and weeds on plants. Pesticides contain several kinds of metals, including cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). High levels of cadmium in the blood can interfere with the process of erythropoiesis and heme synthesis caused by the accumulation of cadmium. While copper poisoning can cause degenerative processes in the brain and cirrhosis of the liver. This research is a descriptive study that aims to measure the levels of cadmium and copper in the blood of farmers in Pucung Kidul Village. Measurements were made using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The sample used in this study was 15 samples obtained by the purposive sampling technique. The results showed that all respondents did not use PPE and 2 respondents with a working period of > 5 years obtained cadmium levels from 15 samples, there was 1 sample with cadmium levels above the threshold, which was 0.047 mg/L. Meanwhile, the copper content of the 15 samples contained 1 sample with the copper content above the threshold, which was 1.27 mg/L. This shows that the proper use of PPE, also years of service, and age can affect blood levels of cadmium and copper. Where the longer the working period, the more exposure that occurs and causes high levels of cadmium and copper in the blood. With the results of this study, it is hoped that farmers will continue to use personal protective equipment (PPE) when using pesticides and wash their hands after using them.
Farmer’s blood, Pesticide, Cadmium, Copper, SSA
Analyze of formalin in kolang kaling (Arenga pinnata Merr) and black grass jelly (Mesona palustris BL)
Formalin is a chemical toxic that is abused as a food preservative and prohibited by the Indonesian government. Thus, there is a need for continuous analysis of foodstuffs that are sold in the market. When food containing formaldehyde is consumed, it will interfere with the metabolism of organs and body systems. This study aimed to analyze the presence and absence of formalin content on Kolang Kaling (Arenga pinnata Merr) and Black Grass Jelly (Mesona palustris BL) sold in Samarinda City Traditional Market, especially Segiri market, Pagi market, and Sungai Dama market. The test of formalin content was performed qualitatively using chromatophilic acid and continued quantitatively using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at the Biochemical MIPA laboratory. The results showed that 9 samples from 18 samples were identified using formalin as a preservative. The levels of formalin obtained were different, the lowest formalin level of 0.0240 mL / L in the Cincau samples (Mesona palustris BL) obtained in the Segiri market and the highest formalin level of 0.0531 mL / L in the kolang kaling sample (Arenga pinnata Merr) obtained on the Pagi market.
Formalin Kolang Kaling Black Grass Jelly
In silico studi of Orthosiphon aristatus as antioxidant
Orthosiphon aristatus (O. aristatus) is a herbal plant that has antioxidant activity. This study was conducted in a preliminary study of the potential active compound O. aristatus with in silico software pyrex autodock vina method, and visualization using biovia discovery studio. Results from the study in silico showed that O.aristatus extract has potential as an antioxidant compound. Result value of binding affinity with SOD receptor proteins having more negative values compared to control compounds. The interaction of O.aristatus extract is quite potential as an antioxidant, through hydrogen bonding that is equal to control, namely vitamin E
Orthosiphon aristatus In Silico Antioxidant Superoxide dimutate
The differences of hemoglobin levels in pregnant women patients before and after caesarean aection
Caesarean section is a process to remove a fetus or baby through an incision in the abdominal wall and upper uterus because a normal birth process is not possible. The process by Caesarean section requires careful preparation because the result can be bleeding. One of the tests before and after Caesarean section is checking the hemoglobin level. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in hemoglobin levels before and after Caesarean section. This research is a quantitative analysis. Sampling was conducted in April 2018 at RSIA Fauziah Tulungagung and hemoglobin levels were checked using the Cyanmehemoglobin method at the STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung Pathology Laboratory. The population of this study were all pregnant women who underwent a Caesarean section at RSIA Fauziah Tulungagung using a total sampling technique of 30 samples. The instrument used was a photometer, then the data was processed using SPSS 16 software and analyzed using the Paired T-Test technique. The results of research conducted on 30 samples of Caesarean section patients obtained an average hemoglobin level before Caesarean section 13.13 g / dl and an average hemoglobin level after Caesarean section 12.06 g / dl after the Paired T-Test was obtained. 0.002 <0.05. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the hemoglobin levels before and after Caesarean section. Bleeding during Caesarean section causes hemoglobin levels in pregnant women to decrease.
The activity of ethanol extract and aquadest of Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) leaves against Candida albicans
Fungi are the cause of infection, the development of fungal infections in Indonesia is influenced by environmental conditions so that microbes grow quickly and can increase significantly. Candida Albicans is a fungal disease that infects humans. As a country with a tropical climate, Indonesia has potential biodiversity as a medicine, one of which is Dutch teak (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) which has secondary metabolites that kill microbes that can be used as natural antifungals. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of ethanol extract and distilled water of Dutch teak leaves on the growth of Candida Albicans. The method used is maceration with ethanol and distilled water solvents. The anti-fungal activity was evaluated by the good diffusion method with SDA media. The results of the antifungal activity of ethanol extract and distilled water of Dutch teak leaves against Candida Albicans were indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone around the wells on Candida Albicans ethanol extract concentrations of 25 mg / mL to 1000 mg / mL 8.6 mm - 15.6 mm, the distilled water extract has not formed a zone of inhibition at all concentrations. The conclusion is that the ethanol extract of Dutch teak leaves can inhibit the growth of Candida Albicans. while the distilled water extract was unable to inhibit the growth of Candida Albicans.
Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) Candida albican
Identification and use of polymorphisms to predict possibility in type II diabetes mellitus family using RAPD method
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a genetic disorder that becomes an unsolved problem. This is because T2D can be a disorder caused by lifestyle changes and is inherited from parents. This study aimed to determine the polymorphism that distinguishes between T2D and non T2D patients and the result was predicted to the families that has T2D record. The model in this research was descriptive exploratory and consists of 80 samples (30 samples positive T2D, 30 non DM samples and the others are the member of 5 families). Firstly, the analysis was focused on determining differences in polymorphisms and then the results were applied to the 3 families of T2D using A10 Primer. Difference polymorphism was analyzed using chi-square (cl: 95%). Six bands were obtained from PCR-RAPD which a significantly different band at 997 bp. Analysis of T2D has confirmed that 5 families have a clue band. Based on the analysis this report can be used to screen the possibility of someone to have DM type 2.
Diabetes Mellitus Molecular Marker Genetic disorder Screening PCR-RAPD
Bacterial contamination in chili sauces of meatballs traders on Daya Nasional street
Chili sauce is a food additive made from chili which is processed from the processing of chili that is cooked and of good quality with the addition of other ingredients. There is a chili sauce in the form of packaging and processed home industry, the use of chili sauce in the community is often presented as a supplement to a variety of foods. However, the cleanliness of chili sauce still needs to be questioned considering the factors that can affect the contamination of chili sauce can be obtained from processing, serving and contamination from the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the number of bacteria in the chili sauce in meatball traders on daya nasional street. The research design used is descriptive. The sampling technique in this study was by total sampling. The research method used is the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The number of samples taken in this study amounted to 8 samples. Based on the results of the study, the highest number of germs is 2x106 colonies / gr and the lowest is 3.4x104 colonies/gr, it can be concluded that the entire sample in this study did not meet the conditions set out in Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) about chili souce No. 7388 in 2009 which is a maximum of 1x104 colonies/gr.
Number of bacteria; Colonies; Chili sauce
Antibacterial activity of combined extracts of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and betel leaf (Piper betle L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
The use of traditional medicine can be an alternative treatment with increasing antibiotic resistance. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and betel leaf (Piper betel L.) are plants that can be used as an antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of combined extracts of red ginger and betel leaf. This experiment was carried out by making extracts of red ginger and betel leaf with maceration and tested the antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity test used the paper disc diffusion method. The study was conducted with five different concentrations of extract 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The results showed that the combination of red ginger and betel leaf extract at a concentration of 80% had the highest inhibitory area against Staphylococcus aureus (10.6 mm) and Escherichia coli (7.5 mm). The data obtained were statistically tested using One Way Anova with a significance level of > 0.05. The results of One Way ANOVA analysis of the combination of red ginger and betel leaf extracts on Staphylococcus aureus had a significant value of 0.083, while those extracts on Escherichia coli had a significant value of 0.690. It can be concluded that the combination of red ginger and betel leaf extract at a concentration of 80% had a strong inhibitory level against Staphylococcus aureus and a moderate inhibitory level against Escherichia coli.
Red Ginger Betel Leaf Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Antibacterial
Physical, chemical, and biological analysis of drinking water quality in Tulungagung regency, East Java
This study aims to analyze the quality of water in Tulungagung. Identification carried out is a physical test including pH, salinity, color, and temperature. As well as chemical tests, including alkalinity test, CO2 content, Cl, and Water Hardness. The sample water collected from six locations in Tulungagung Regency which are Sendang, Rejotangan, Campurdarat, Keras, Ngunut, and Tanggunggunung. From the pH test was obtained that all the sample water qualifies as good water (pH 6.5 to 8.0). The content of CO2 water samples shows that result with the highest CO2 21 ppm and the lowest 18ppm. Whereas the Cl test obtained the highest 135.3 ppm and the lowest was 52.7 ppm This analysis data was enriched with hardness test results with the highest hardness 60.9 D while the lowest hardness water was 20.9 D
The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidhophilus on cow milk and soy milk fermented
This study aims to determine the effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus Acidhophilus Bacteria on Probiotic Beverage (Yogurt) from Cow's Milk and Soy's Milk, making yogurt is done by randomized design of groups factorially arranged using Lactobacillus plantarum. The second factor is the proportion of cow's milk and soy milk served at, namely: 100% cow's milk (S1), 50% cow's milk and 50% soy milk (S2) and 100% soy milk (S3) with the treatment applied through, addition lactic acid and viscystas from yogurt. Analysis results obtained from the addition of lactic acid. The proportion of cow's milk and soybean milk showed that Lactobacillus plantarum obtained a total of Lactic Acid of 0.45 and Lactobacillus acidhophilus. The proportion of Cow's Milk and Soymilk obtained a total Lactic Acid of 0.35. And the results of the analysis obtained from the Viscosity Proportion of Cow's Milk and Soybean Milk show that Lactobacillus plantarum obtained a total viscosity of 1.5 and Lactobacillus acidhophilus Proportion of Cow's Milk and Soybean Milk obtained a viscosity of 2.9. Keywords: influence, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidhophilus, cow's milk and soy milk
The detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using in vitro granuloma tuberculosis model intracelluler specimens
The Granulomas are a group of innate and adaptive immune cells that are highly organized, and during tuberculosis infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Estimated as many as 1.6 million cases of death in 2017 according to World Health Organization. Tuberculosis ranks in the top 10 causes of death worldwide and it is predicted that more than 1.7 billion people (around 25 percent of the world's population) are estimated to be infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to confirm the Mtb by examining a new method by modifying Ziehl-Neelsen stain using an intracellular specimens for tuberculous granuloma in vitro. This study used the isolate of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga, Surabayaa, using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to make model granuloma tuberculosis. The result is Ziehl-Neelsen staining was modified, it was found that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv as detection of bacterial confirmation is said to be successful.
Granuloma,Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Ziehl-Neelsen.
Effectivenes of hepatitis B vaccination in STIKes Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi students
Hepatitis B is an inflammatory disease of the liver caused due to an infection from the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This inflammatory liver disease can become chronic, causing liver cirrhosis, and then become cancerous. Hepatitis B vaccination process by injection. Hepatitis B antibodies can appear in response to Hepatitis B vaccination. The purpose of this study as an effort to decide the effectiveness of Hepatitis B vaccination by seeing whether active immunity has formed against infections caused by the Hepatitis B virus to Stikes Student Jenderal Ahmad Yani Cimahi. The research method used in this research is descriptive. Samples used in the study were 30 people who met the inclusion criteria. From the results of studies using the immunochromatographic method, all positive samples were found with hepatitis B antibodies. Based on the research can be concluded that the vaccination conducted on Stikes Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi has given effective results and has a protective titer to prevent hepatitis B virus infection that will attack his body.
The protein levels changes due to the frying process in egg and tempeh
Food is a basic need as a source of energy for humans. Food components needed by humans are consist of several constituent substances including carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and protein. The most widely consumed protein sources by Indonesian people are eggs and tempeh. Processing eggs and tempeh in order to have a good taste is usually done by heating through the frying process. The frying process requires temperatures between 160-300oC. The high temperature when frying can cause protein damage so that it cannot be utilized by the human body. Therefore it is necessary to research changes in protein levels in eggs and tempeh due to heating through the frying process. The research method used was spectrophotometry with the complexing agent used was a biuret reagent. The result showed that there was decreasing content on both egg and tempeh due to the frying process. A decrease in protein content was 29.21 mg or 23.28% in eggs. Whereas in tempeh samples there was a decrease in protein content by 59.03 mg or 49.33%. Therefore the heating process in egg and tempeh should be done under 160oC
The total plate count of beras kencur herbal medicine in sub-district market Tulungagung city
Herbal medicine is a traditional drink made from natural ingredients for human health and is made with methods and equipment that are easier in its simplicity which often does not pay attention to hygiene factors and can be a medium for disease transmission. Based on the Regulation of the Head of the Republic of Indonesia Drug and Food Control Agency No. 12 of 2014 concerning requirements for drug fluids in the form of microbial contamination / ALT ≤104 colonies/ml. The purpose of this study was to study the estimated numbers of traditional herbs sold in the Tulungagung District market. The research design used is descriptive. The sampling technique uses a total sampling technique of 6 samples from 4 different markets. Sample meeting with the ALT method in May 2018 in the microbiology laboratory of STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung. The results of the study found that three out of six samples of traditional herbal medicine of kencur rice exceeded the microbial contamination threshold with an average yield of 1 x 107 CFU / ml. The study concludes is that 50% of the sample is not suitable for consumption and 50% of the sample is suitable for consumption. This requires Regulation of BPOM RI Number 12 the year 2014 Regarding Quality Requirements for Traditional Medicines, namely ≤104 colonies/ml. Herbal traders need to pay attention to raw materials, processing, equipment, air used, and containers used.
Identification of negative Gram bacteria in diabetes mellitus gangrene at RSUD dr. Soedomo Trenggalek
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease due to an increase in blood glucose levels normal. Gangrene diabetes is tissue death due to obstruction of blood vessels that provides nutrients to obstructed tissue and is a form of complications from diabetes mellitus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the causes of gangrene infection nosocomial opportunistic infections in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of gram-negative bacteria in the wounds of Gangrene Diabetes Mellitus. This research is a descriptive Non-Analytic, conducted on April 15 to May 21, 2019, in the Microbiology Laboratory of STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung. The study sample was all patients with Gangrene Diabetes Mellitus wound in hospital dr. Soedomo Trenggalek, the sampling technique used was accidental sampling, obtained a sample of 4 Gangrene swabs. The study was conducted by the identification of gram-negative bacterial isolation. The results of the study were 4 samples, 2 were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 samples were positive for Proteus sp. Subsequent research results were analyzed descriptively. The conclusion of this research is that 100% positive gram-negative. The typical characteristics of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria are obtained on the MCH media (alkaline slope, alkaline base, negative gas, negative H2S) and on the NAS produce greenish-yellow fluorescence, while the typical characteristics of Proteus sp are obtained on the MCH media (alkaline slope, alkaline slope, base negative) acid, positive gas, positive H2S).
Antimicrobial inhibition zone test of purple okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) extract on the growth of gram-negative bacteria
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) contains secondary metabolite compounds that can function as an antibacterial which can inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial inhibition zone of purple varieties of okra extract on the growth of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). This research is an experimental study using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a disk diffusion testing method. The object used was purple okra fruit extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% with negative control of DMSO and positive control of chloramphenicol. Inhibition zone diameter measurements are indicated by clear areas, ie areas that are not overgrown with bacteria. The results showed that the most optimum inhibition zone of purple varieties of okra fruit extract was at a concentration of 40%, 50% and 60% with an average value of 6.67 mm.
Antimicosis activity of chloroform fraction of ethanol extract Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata, L.)
Fungal infections are often found in the community, some antifungal drugs have been less effective so it is necessary to look for new candidate drugs as antimycotic, one of the candidates is soursop leaf (Annona muricata, L.). Soursop leaves contain compounds alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids that function as antifungals. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of the n-hexane fraction of the Soursop ethanol extract of the fungus Candida albicans and determine the class of compounds that act as antimycotic. Soursop leaf was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96% then fractionated by partition method using chloroform solvent. The chloroform fraction was tested for antifungal activity against the fungus Candida Albicans by diffusion method with a concentration variation of 10%, 20%, and 30%. then identified by UV-VIS and FTIR spectrophotometry to determine active compounds as antifungals. The results showed that the Soursop leaf chloroform fraction had the highest antifungal activity at a concentration of 30% with an inhibitory diameter of 25.4 mm which was categorized strong. Compounds that are suspected to have antifungal activity from the soursop leaf chloroform fraction are terpenoid compounds. The results of this study are expected to provide scientific information to the public about the benefits of soursop leaves as an alternative treatment for fungal infections caused by the fungus Candida Albicans.
Soursop (Annona muricata, L.), Antifungal, Candida albicans
The parasite density and erythrocyte sedimentation rate on patients with uncomplicated tropical Malaria In two community health centre of West Lombok
Malaria infections are often associated with the activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. An increase number of fibrinogen levels in severe malaria and the increase of fibrinogen also stimulated the increase of erythrocytes sedimentation rate. The aim of this study is to find out about the effects of high parasitemia to erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with uncomplicated tropical malaria. Samples are collected using the Purposive Samplings method. To determined the effect of parasite density to erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) levels (mm/h), the data were analyzed using the Non-Parametric Kruskal Wallis test (α=0,05). From 8 samples, 2 subjects (25%) has ++ (2+) densities with 35 and 46 mm/h; 3 subjects (37,5%) has +++ (3+) densities with 10, 65 and 70 mm/h; and also 3 other subjects (37,5%) has ++++ (4+) densities with 21, 44, and 70 mm/h. The Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test shows that p-value 0,932 >α, means there is no effect of parasitic density on ESR levels in patients with uncomplicated tropical malaria. Using the ESR as the only-main biomarker in assessing the severity of malaria is an inaccurate idea because the ESR is more likely a non-specific test, therefore another blood test is needed to establish a diagnosis of malaria severity.
Parasite Density, Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate, Uncomplicated Malaria Tropica
Analysis quality characteristics of virgin coconut oil (VCO): comparisons with cooking coconut oil (CCO)
This study aims to examine the quality of cooking coconut oil (CCO) and virgin coconut oil (VCO). The analysis was carried out as a physical parameter test including organoleptic and density while the chemical parameter test was: free fatty acid (FFA) peroxide number and test of saponification number. The sample oil used comes from coconut oil made traditionally by virgin coconut oil or commonly abbreviated as VCO, which is coconut oil which passes through a different extraction process with ordinary coconut oil so it is believed to have higher quality and provide more benefits. Samples derived from coconut oil traditionally processed in Beji Village, Boyolangu District with the brand "MALIKA". It was found that both oils had relatively the same physical parameters, the difference in density on VCO and CCO: 0.88 g / ml and 0.82 g / ml. As for the chemical parameters of free fatty acids, peroxide numbers, and saponification numbers of the VCO and CCO comparisons: 0.165: 0.207; 0.54: 0.68; 203: 321, so that the overall VCO has good quality, while CCO has an unfavorable saponification number.
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycemia due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin work or both. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the most among other types of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is usually accompanied by dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism or cholesterol characterized by an increase or decrease in lipid fraction in the plasma. Diabetes mellitus and elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are often found to be interrelated. The purpose of this study was to describe Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research design used was descriptive non-analytic. The population in this study were all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a purposive sampling technique of 30 samples. Data collection was carried out by observing the medical record data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) profile data for 2017. The results showed that patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus suffered the most by male sex with a percentage of 57%, aged over 45 years with a percentage of 97%, and having high LDL levels as much as 40%.
The correlation between creatinine serum with total iron binding capacity (TIBC) on patients with sufferers chronic renal disease in Gambiran regional public hospital Kediri city
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is kidney damage that occurs for more than 3 months with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml/sec/ 1.73 m2. WHO estimates that in Indonesia, there will be an increase in PGK in 1995-2025 by 41.4%. Over the past 40 years, Creatinine serum has become the most common and cheap serum marker for kidney function. One of the most common complications in patients with PGK is anemia. Anemia in PGK can be caused by several factors such as EPO deficiency, iron deficiency, etc. One of the usual parameters checking is the iron status of TIBC. This study aims to determine the relationship of serum Creatinine level with TIBC in chronic kidney patients in Gambiran regional public hospital Kediri and sampling taken by quota sampling. The study used cross-sectional using Rank Spearman statistic test. This test is used for abnormally distributed data types. The measured variable was serum Creatinine level with TIBC. The results of this study indicate that the value of p = (0.000)> α = (0.05), so H1 rejected and H0 accepted, then there is no relationship between serum Creatinine levels with TIBC in patients with chronic kidney disease in Gambiran Hospital Kediri.
Blood calcium levels in factory workers who consume supplements drinks
Energy supplement drinks are drinks that contain caffeine, taurine, sweeteners, and other substances that have the effect of increasing energy, concentration, alertness, maintaining physical strength, and reducing drowsiness. Blood calcium is an important mineral that the body needs. The purpose of this study was to determine blood calcium levels in marble factory workers in Besole Village, Tulungagung Regency. The research design used was Analytical Descriptive. The population in this study were all marble factory workers who routinely consumed energy supplement drinks in the village of Besole in 2018 using a total sampling technique of 30 respondents. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Dr. Iskak Tulungagung in May 2018 using the O-CPC method. The results obtained from the examination of blood calcium in marble factory workers showed 10 respondents (33%) had blood calcium levels within normal limits, 17 respondents (57%) had deep blood calcium levels. low limit and 3 respondents (10%) had very low blood calcium levels. Consumption of energy supplement drinks that exceed the threshold can damage the kidneys and affect blood calcium levels because the caffeine content in energy supplements can increase the release of calcium in the bones so that more calcium is released through the urine.
Analysis of bulk oil in Tulungagung district on physical and chemical properties
This study aims to analyze the quality of Bulk frying oil in the Tulungagung district. Four samples were a test using physical parameters, organoleptic, density, and viscosity, while the chemical parameters were a test or the value of free fatty acids, acid numbers, and peroxide numbers. Comparison of the results of the analysis with SNI (Indonesian Standard Oil Quality), the four samples have poor chemical properties quality, it could be known by the acid number of samples 0.56, 0.78, 0.78, 1.65 (%) and Free fatty acids number 2.86, 9.98, 4.23, 6.7 (%) are higher than SNI 0.3 and 0.6 (%), even sample D has a poor peroxide number. So that overall, it is shown that the quality of Bulk oil from the samples used is not good enough.
Identification of formalin and borax on tuna in Ngemplak market Tulungagung regency
Misuse of formalin and borax is still common, including processing and preserving fish. Therefore, this study aims to identify the presence of formalin and borax in tuna on the market Ngemplak, Tulungagung regency. The samples used in this study were fresh tuna in the Ngemplak market originating from the beaches of Prigi, Sine, Tambakrejo, Popoh and Sidem. The samples were tested qualitatively using the colorimetric method by Schryver reagent for formalin and curcumin paper for borax. The results obtained in this study, from the five tuna samples not detected contained formalin and borax which were marked by no change in color in the test. Tuna sold in the Ngemplak market Tulungagung regency negatively contains formalin and borax, making it safe for consumption. It is hoped that the relevant office will carry out routine checks on the misuse of food additives, especially preservatives circulating in the community and the public should always be careful in choosing safe food.